If I understood it correctly, they’re not talking about a chip literally running at 50Mhz. They’re talking about polling a sensor in a loop running on a 50Mhz timer. The processor doing that is certainly running at a much higher clock frequency
Yeah they're talking about the control loop itself which means 50 times a second the computer/program looks at it's inputs (sensors) and changes it's outputs (commands to actuators). The actual computers processing that program run much faster.