In US, these taxes wouldn’t be particularly progressive. US taxes are already very progressive, much more so than in Europe. In US, the wealthy already pay overwhelming majority of the tax. If US was to embark on European level governmental spending, it would have to introduce more European-like taxation system, where bulk of the revenue is collected from middle and working class.
Exactly, I came to say the same thing. You could pay for UBI with some MMT trick, but you‘d just end up inflating/rescaling all the prices. It would only work as a massive wealth redistribution program where the rich and middle class get heavily taxed. The latter is infinitely more difficult to implement than the former, but technically both would be UBI.
These taxes would presumably be very progressive.
This effectively would end up more than negating the effect of UBI on the richer people, thus turning it into a directed welfare program.
UBI and directed welfare are essentially same same.