In which European cities PhD can afford to buy apartment (Paris? London? Berlin?). Or you are speaking about smaller cities in which you can also make the same argument for US.

Sorry didn’t mean buy, I meant rent your own one bedroom apartment, rather than have roommates which is the norm in usa.

In terms of cities it would be all except maybe London and Paris.

Also in most European countries renting is just as good as buying because of favourable tenant laws