Temu and Shein do use loopholes in Europe/Germany, at least in Germany the reporting (and politicians lamenting) on such has increased recently so there will probably be some rule changes, most probably regarding the 150 euro minimum for customs duties.
Here in New Zealand the government passed a law that sellers like AliExpress had to pay taxes on items they shipped here directly, based on the sale price. There was a lot of debate if they would, but they all did it.
They don't collect import duty though, because we've had a free trade agreement with China since 2008.
https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/temu-shein-spd...