Yes, but there are only 3 Trader Joe's in all of Manhattan. Two of them are down near NYU and the other is on the Upper West side, which makes them difficult to access for people living in midtown, uptown and virtually the entire east side.
On the upper east side, where I live, the options are pretty much Gristedes, Morton Williams, Food Emporium and Fairway. Gristedes and Morton Williams are overpriced with a bad selection of produce. Food Emporium is worse. Fairway's prices are more reasonable and the produce selection is actually quite good, but I tend to think the quality of Whole Foods' produce is a bit better.
Except I've found the produce in the small corner grocery stores (like Associated's) to be much lower cost and the same or higher quality (due to the turnover).
On the upper east side, where I live, the options are pretty much Gristedes, Morton Williams, Food Emporium and Fairway. Gristedes and Morton Williams are overpriced with a bad selection of produce. Food Emporium is worse. Fairway's prices are more reasonable and the produce selection is actually quite good, but I tend to think the quality of Whole Foods' produce is a bit better.